Upanishads


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Upanishads

Upanishads: Upanishad means 'to sit down near one '. It refers to the wisdom learnt at the feet of the guru.The Upanishads are believed to have been composed between the 7th and 4th centuries BCE, though some many have been composed at a much later date. 

According to Upanishads , the human body has a soul, the atman, which survives even after the body dies. According to the Upanishads, a person could reach god through bhakti (personal devotion of god) .This could be done without the help of priest or rituals and sacrifices.The Upanishads also the law of Karma-the concept that what we experience in our present life is a result of our past actions.The Upanishads laid stress on the practice of yoga and meditation for a healthy life.

Around the time that the Buddha was preaching and perhaps a little earlier, other thinkers also tried to find answers to difficult questions. Many of these thinkers felt that there was something permanent in the universe that would last even after death. They described this as the atman or the individual soul and the Brahman or the universal soul. They believed that ultimately, both the atman and the barman were one.

 Many of their ideas were recorded in the Upanishads. These were part of the later Vedic texts, Upanishad literally means ‘approaching and sitting near’ and the texts contain conversations between teachers and students. Often, ideas were presented through simple dialogues.

Most Upanishadic thinkers were men especially Brahmins and rajas. Occasionally, there is mention of women thinkers, such as Gargi, who was famous for her learning, and participated in debates held in royal courts. Poor people rarely took part in these discussions. One famous exception was Satyakama Jabala, who was named after his mother, the slave women Jabali. He had a deep desire to learn about reality, was accepted as a student by a Brahmin teacher named Gautama, and became one of the best-known thinkers of the time. Many of the ideas of the Upanishads were later developed by the famous thinker Shankaracharya.

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Question : 1

The ideas of the Upanishads were later developed by the famous thinker

Right Option : B
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Question : 2

According to _______ there was something that last even after death and they had named it atman .

Right Option : C
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Question : 3

The Upanishadic thinkers were men especially ______ and ______ .

Right Option : C
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